See how in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "how"
},
"expansion": "English: how",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "English: how"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en-geo",
"2": "hoo"
},
"expansion": "Geordie English: hoo",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Geordie English: hoo"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "hoo",
"3": "how",
"4": "foo"
},
"expansion": "Scots: hoo, how, foo",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Scots: hoo, how, foo"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "yol",
"2": "fowe",
"alts": "1"
},
"expansion": "Yola: fowe, how",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Yola: fowe, how"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "ang",
"3": "hū"
},
"expansion": "Old English hū",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*hwō"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *hwō",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*hwō"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *hwō",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old English hū, from Proto-West Germanic *hwō, from Proto-Germanic *hwō.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "hou",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "howe",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "hu",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "hwu",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "whu",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "wou",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "wu",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "adverb",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"6": "{{{2}}}",
"head": ""
},
"expansion": "how",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "how",
"name": "enm-adv"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "adv",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"how"
],
"id": "en-how-enm-adv-gESq4fho",
"links": [
[
"how",
"how#English"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/huː/"
},
{
"ipa": "/wuː/"
}
],
"word": "how"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "how"
},
"expansion": "English: how",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "English: how"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en-geo",
"2": "hoo"
},
"expansion": "Geordie English: hoo",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Geordie English: hoo"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "hoo",
"3": "how",
"4": "foo"
},
"expansion": "Scots: hoo, how, foo",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Scots: hoo, how, foo"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "ang",
"3": "hū"
},
"expansion": "Old English hū",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*hwō"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *hwō",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*hwō"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *hwō",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old English hū, from Proto-West Germanic *hwō, from Proto-Germanic *hwō.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "hou",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "howe",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "hu",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "hwu",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "whu",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "wou",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "wu",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "conjunction"
},
"expansion": "how",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "conj",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"how"
],
"id": "en-how-enm-conj-gESq4fho",
"links": [
[
"how",
"how#English"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/huː/"
},
{
"ipa": "/wuː/"
}
],
"word": "how"
}
{
"etymology_number": 2,
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "noun",
"altform": "1"
},
"expansion": "how",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"extra": "promontory",
"word": "hough"
}
],
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "0 0 100",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Alternative form of hough (“promontory”)"
],
"id": "en-how-enm-noun-yLGXhUKN",
"links": [
[
"hough",
"hough#Middle_English:_promontory"
]
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"alternative"
]
}
],
"word": "how"
}
{
"categories": [
"Middle English adverbs",
"Middle English alternative forms",
"Middle English conjunctions",
"Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"Middle English lemmas",
"Middle English terms derived from Old English",
"Middle English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"Middle English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
"Middle English terms inherited from Old English",
"Middle English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"Middle English terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic",
"Pages with 6 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "how"
},
"expansion": "English: how",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "English: how"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en-geo",
"2": "hoo"
},
"expansion": "Geordie English: hoo",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Geordie English: hoo"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "hoo",
"3": "how",
"4": "foo"
},
"expansion": "Scots: hoo, how, foo",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Scots: hoo, how, foo"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "yol",
"2": "fowe",
"alts": "1"
},
"expansion": "Yola: fowe, how",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Yola: fowe, how"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "ang",
"3": "hū"
},
"expansion": "Old English hū",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*hwō"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *hwō",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*hwō"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *hwō",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old English hū, from Proto-West Germanic *hwō, from Proto-Germanic *hwō.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "hou",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "howe",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "hu",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "hwu",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "whu",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "wou",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "wu",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "adverb",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"6": "{{{2}}}",
"head": ""
},
"expansion": "how",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "how",
"name": "enm-adv"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "adv",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"how"
],
"links": [
[
"how",
"how#English"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/huː/"
},
{
"ipa": "/wuː/"
}
],
"word": "how"
}
{
"categories": [
"Middle English adverbs",
"Middle English alternative forms",
"Middle English conjunctions",
"Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"Middle English lemmas",
"Middle English terms derived from Old English",
"Middle English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"Middle English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
"Middle English terms inherited from Old English",
"Middle English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"Middle English terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic",
"Pages with 6 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "how"
},
"expansion": "English: how",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "English: how"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en-geo",
"2": "hoo"
},
"expansion": "Geordie English: hoo",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Geordie English: hoo"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "hoo",
"3": "how",
"4": "foo"
},
"expansion": "Scots: hoo, how, foo",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Scots: hoo, how, foo"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "ang",
"3": "hū"
},
"expansion": "Old English hū",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*hwō"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *hwō",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*hwō"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *hwō",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old English hū, from Proto-West Germanic *hwō, from Proto-Germanic *hwō.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "hou",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "howe",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "hu",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "hwu",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "whu",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "wou",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "wu",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "conjunction"
},
"expansion": "how",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "conj",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"how"
],
"links": [
[
"how",
"how#English"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/huː/"
},
{
"ipa": "/wuː/"
}
],
"word": "how"
}
{
"categories": [
"Middle English alternative forms",
"Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"Pages with 6 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "noun",
"altform": "1"
},
"expansion": "how",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"extra": "promontory",
"word": "hough"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Alternative form of hough (“promontory”)"
],
"links": [
[
"hough",
"hough#Middle_English:_promontory"
]
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"alternative"
]
}
],
"word": "how"
}
Download raw JSONL data for how meaning in Middle English (4.9kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Middle English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-06-07 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-06-01 using wiktextract (92124b4 and f1c2b61). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.